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RWD-14 Czapla
The RWD-14 Czapla (LWS Czapla) was a Polish army cooperation aircraft (observation, close reconnaissance and liaison aircraft), designed in the mid-1930s by the RWD team, and produced in the LWS factory from 1938. A series of 65 aircraft were built and most were used by the Polish Air Force observation squadrons during World War II in 1939.
==Design and development==
The aircraft was designed in response to a Polish Air Force requirement of 1933 for a new army cooperation plane, a successor of the Lublin R-XIII. The RWD team of the DWL workshops (''Doświadczalne Warsztaty Lotnicze'') initially proposed the RWD-12 project, based on the RWD-8 trainer. It was however considered as not as good as the R-XIII, and was not built. Another aircraft, the RWD-14 was designed by Stanislaw Rogalski and Jerzy Drzewiecki instead.〔Glass A. (1977), pp. 318–320〕 Designer Tadeusz Chyliński prepared its technical documentation.〔Andrzej Glass (2003). ''Słownik biograficzny techników polskich'', SBTP: Warsaw, p. 24)〕
The first prototype was flown in December 1935.〔 It won the contest over the Lublin R-XXI project and the PWS factory project, but factory trials showed that its performance was still not satisfactory. In 1937 two modified prototypes were built, designated RWD-14a, but both crashed during trials that year due to steering mechanism faults (the pilots survived).〔 Finally, in early 1938 the fourth improved prototype, designated RWD-14b, was built. After successful trials it was ordered by the Polish Air Force, receiving the name Czapla (Polish: ''heron''), but due to a long development process, it was regarded as only an interim model, to replace the R-XIII until the advent of the more modern LWS-3 Mewa. In return for refunding the development costs, the DWL gave the rights to produce the RWD-14b to the state factory LWS (''Lubelska Wytwórnia Samolotów'' – Lublin Aircraft Works, a successor of the Plage i Laśkiewicz).〔
The LWS built a series of 65 RWD-14b Czapla by February 1939. They were also known under a military designation LWS Czapla.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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